Part 1: C Programming

Introduction:

• History and features of C language

• Importance of C in procedural programming

• Role of compiler and interpreter

• Structure of a C program

• Writing, building, and debugging C programs

Basics:

• C tokens (keywords, identifiers, operators, constants, variables)

• Data types (int, float, char, etc.) and type conversions

• Expressions and operators (arithmetic, logical, relational, etc.)

• Control flow statements (if, else, switch, loops)

• Functions (definition, declaration, parameter passing)

Input/Output:

• Standard input/output functions (printf, scanf)

• File I/O operations (fopen, fclose, fread, fwrite)

Arrays:

• One-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays

• Array operations (traversal, searching, sorting)

• Memory allocation and deallocation

Pointers:

• Introduction to pointers and their relationship with arrays

• Pointer arithmetic and operations

• Dynamic memory allocation using malloc and free

Structures and Unions:

• Defining and using structures for data organization

• Understanding unions and their memory sharing concept

Preprocessor:

• Preprocessor directives (#include, #define, etc.)

• Conditional compilation for code adaptation

Advanced Topics (Optional):

• Bitwise operators and manipulations

• Command-line arguments and processing

• Recursion and its applications

• Linked lists and dynamic memory allocation

Part 2: C++ Programming

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):

• Key concepts of OOP (classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism)

• Differences between procedural and object-oriented programming

Classes and Objects:

• Defining and declaring classes

• Creating objects and member access with dot operator

• Constructors and destructors for object initialization and cleanup

Functions in C++:

• Inline functions for performance optimization

• Member functions and their access to object data

• Overloaded functions for different functionalities

Inheritance:

• Single inheritance and its implementation

• Base and derived classes relationships

• Accessing base class members through derived class

Polymorphism:

• Function overriding and virtual functions

• Dynamic binding and runtime method determination

Operator Overloading:

• Overloading arithmetic, comparison, and other operators for custom behavior

Templates:

• Generic programming techniques for code reusability

Input/Output in C++:

• Standard Template Library (STL) for input/output streams (cin, cout)

• File I/O operations with ifstream and ofstream

Additional Topics (Optional):

• Exception handling for error management

• Namespaces and scope resolution

• Advanced template concepts

• STL containers and algorithms

Project Work:

• Throughout the course, students will be encouraged to apply their understanding through individual or group projects, solving real-world problems using C and C++.